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Vincenzo Camuccini, “Morte di Cesare,” 1798. This calendar is almost identical to the current Western calendar in use today. The Julian calendar started being used on 1 January 45 BC. The seasonal calendar had three extra months inserted into 46 BC to bring it in conjunction with the season. He set the length of the year to 365.25 days by adding a leap day at the end of February every fourth year. The Triumvirate was no more and Pompey and Caesar turned against each other.Īfter a brilliant military campaign in which he defeated the very numerically superior force of Pompey, Caesar arrived in Rome while Pompey fled to Egypt to be assassinated soon afterward.Ĭaesar had the assassins of Pompey put to death, quelled a civil war in Egypt, and began a relationship with Cleopatra who became the Queen of Egypt with Caesar’s backing.Īs the dictator, he set about casting many reforms in Rome, arguably the biggest of which was the adoption of the Egyptian calendar. But Crassus was killed during an operation in Asia, and his daughter, given to Pompey in marriage, died in childbirth. During this time period, he led two limited forays into Britain. Heading to Gaul, Julius Caesar extended the Roman influence all the way to the coast of Britain and defeated two Germanic tribes, building a bridge across the Rhine at Trier. In 60 BC he was elected consul and Rome formed the First Triumvirate, a power-sharing, loose alliance between Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus.

Caesar then moved to Spain and put down two different indigenous tribes. Recalled to the army, he quelled an uprising from the eastern areas of Asia and was made a military tribune.īy that point in considerable debt, Caesar sought the help of Marcus Licinius Crassus who paid off his debt in return for Caesar’s political allegiance against Pompey. Once he returned to Rome, he raised a fleet, caught the pirates, and had them all crucified - but first had their throats cut as a sign of leniency. Upon his release, he threatened them all crucifixion upon his release, which the pirates scoffed at as a joke. Caesar rebuked the pirates saying they should have demanded 50 talents instead. While crossing the Aegean Sea in 75 BC, he was kidnapped by pirates, who demanded 20 “talents” of silver, a unit of weight during that era, for his release. He then returned to Rome where he became an accomplished legal advocate known for prosecuting graft and corruption among Roman governors, a common problem of the time.

He served under the command of Marcus Minucius Thermus in Asia and Servilius Isauricus in Cilicia.

He joined the army at a young age after the death of his father and served with distinction, being awarded the Civic Crown for his part in the Siege of Mytilene.